Fibroblasts inhibit osteogenesis by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of YAP in mesenchymal stem cells and secreting DKK1

Background Fibrous scars frequently form at the sites of bone nonunion when attempts to repair bone fractures have failed. However, the detailed mechanism by which fibroblasts, which are the main components of fibrous scars, impede osteogenesis remains largely unknown. Results In this study, we found that fibroblasts compete with osteogenesis in both human bone nonunion tissues and BMP2-induced ectopic osteogenesis in a mouse model. Fibroblasts could inhibit the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via direct and indirect cell competition. During this process, fibroblasts modulated the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of YAP in MSCs. Knocking down YAP could inhibit osteoblast differentiation of MSCs, while overexpression of nuclear-localized YAP-5SA could reverse the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation of MSCs caused by fibroblasts. Furthermore, fibroblasts secreted DKK1, which further inhibited the formation of calcium nodules during the late stage of osteogenesis but did not affect the early stage of osteogenesis. Thus, fibroblasts could inhibit osteogenesis by regulating YAP localization in MSCs and secreting DKK1. Conclusions Our research revealed that fibroblasts could modulate the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of YAP in MSCs, thereby inhibiting their osteoblast differentiation. Fibroblasts could also secrete DKK1, which inhibited calcium nodule formation at the late stage of osteogenesis.

Transcutaneous injection of triamcinolone acetonide for persistent glottic granulation after laser microsurgery

Abstract Objective The aim of study was to demonstrate that transcutaneous intralesional injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) under fibrolaryngoscopy could be an option for persistent granulation after Transoral Laser Microsurgery (TLM) in glottic cancer patients. Methods We recruited 32 patients, who had conservative treatment but failed. 20 patients accepted TA injection monthly until the granulation disappeared or did not shrink further. 12 patients chose to closely monitor. Results For the 20 patients, 17 (85.0%) patients' granulations completely disappeared. 3 (15.0%) patients' granulations had reduced 80%. For the 12 patients, 3 (25.0%) patients' granulations disappeared but 9 (75%) patients' granulations did not have an obvious change. Recurrence was not observed. Conclusion Our experience showed that transcutaneous intralesional TA injection for persistent granulation after TLM through cricothyroid membrane is an efficient, security, harmless and low recurrence method. Especially suitable for huge granulation which blocks the glottis and recur after a second operation.

A neglected normal anatomical structure in mammal: a study in bats and tree shrews / Una estructura anatómica normal desatendida en mamíferos: un estudio en murciélagos y musarañas arborícolas

SUMMARY: The myodural bridge is a dense connective tissue connecting muscles and ligaments to the spinal dura mater in the atlanto-occipital interspace. Some researchers believe that the myodural bridge may play a vital physiological role. It is possible, for instance, that the prevention of spinal dura mater infoldings might be involved in regulated cerebrospinal fluid circulation. For instance, it is possible to prevent spinal dura mater infoldings, regulating cerebrospinal circulation. Bats are nocturnal and the only mammals that can perform a genuine and sustained flight, whereas tree shrews are arboreal mammals that often climb to a high altitude of about 10,000 feet. Both animals have lifestyles that are different from other previously studied mammals. The study of these two animals will shed further light on the existence of the myodural bridge in mammals. Gross anatomical dissection was used to observe the connections between the deep muscles of the neck and the dura mater at the level of the atlanto-occipital interspace. The existing structures were analyzed using conventional and special histological staining techniques. The suboccipital regions in bats and tree shrews contained the rectus capitis dorsal major (RCDma), rectus capitis dorsal minor (RCDmi), oblique capitis anterior (OCA), and oblique capitis posterior (OCP). Dense connective tissue connects the RCDmi to the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane (PAOM) and the latter to the spinal dura mater. The myodural bridge in these mammals shares a similar structure to the myodural bridge in humans. Histological analyses confirmed that the connective fibers of the myodural bridge were primarily type I collagen fibers. In this study, it is supplemented by the existence of the myodural bridge in mammals. This further demonstrates that myodural bridge widely exists in the normal anatomy of mammals. This provides morphological support for a comparative anatomical study of the physiological function of the myodural bridge.

El puente miodural es un tejido conjuntivo denso que conecta los músculos y los ligamentos a la duramadre espinal en el espacio atlanto-occipital. Algunos investigadores creen que el puente miodural puede desempeñar un papel fisiológico vital. Es posible, por ejemplo, que la prevención de los pliegues de la duramadre espinal pueda estar involucrada en la circulación regulada del líquido cefalorraquídeo. En esta instancia, es posible prevenir los pliegues de la duramadre espinal, regulando la circulación cerebro espinal. Los murciélagos son animales nocturnos y los únicos mamíferos que pueden realizar un vuelo real y sostenido, mientras que las musarañas arborícolas son mamíferos arbóreos que a menudo ascienden a una gran altura de unos 10 000 pies. Ambos animales tienen estilos de vida diferentes a los de otros mamíferos previamente estudiados. El estudio de estos dos animales ofrecerá más información sobre la existencia del puente miodural en los mamíferos. Se realizó una disección anatómica macroscópica para observar las conexiones entre los músculos profundos del cuello y la duramadre a nivel del espacio atlanto-occipital. Las estructuras existentes se analizaron mediante técnicas de tinción histológica convencionales y especiales. Las regiones suboccipitales en murciélagos y musarañas arbóreas presentaban el músculo recto dorsal mayor de la cabeza (RCDma), el recto dorsal menor de la cabeza (RCDmi), el oblicuo anterior de la cabeza (OCA) y el oblicuo posterior de la cabeza (OCP). El tejido conjuntivo denso conecta el RCDmi con la membrana atlanto- occipital posterior (PAOM) y esta última con la duramadre espinal. El puente miodural en estos mamíferos comparte una estructura similar al puente miodural en humanos. Los análisis histológicos confirmaron que las fibras conectivas del puente miodural son principalmente fibras de colágeno tipo I. Esto demuestra además que el puente miodural existe ampliamente en la anatomía normal de los mamíferos. Esta investigación proporciona apoyo morfológico para un estudio anatómico comparativo de la función fisiológica del puente miodural.

Structure and function adaption of lung in Phrynocephalus vlangalii by multiple mechanisms / Estructura y adaptación funcional del pulmón en Phrynocephalus vlangalii por múltiples mecanismos

SUMMARY: Respiration and water-liquid transportation are controlled by many factors in the lung. The aim of this study was to explore the structure and proteins expression in lungs of Phrynocephalus vlangalii by means of gross anatomy, light microscope observation, scanning electron microscope and immunohistochemistry. Results show that there were many alveoli in the lung and the walls of alveoli and capillaries were very thin. The inner surface of the lung was divided into many cystic chambers by reticular diaphragm, and the network of pulmonary capillaries was dense. Immunohistochemistry showed that AQP1 was mainly expressed in the epithelium of interstitial bronchi, parabronchiole endothelium, capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelial cells. VIP positive nerve fibers are mainly distributed in trachea, bronchial smooth muscle layer, the walls of pulmonary vessels and bronchial vessels and around submucosal glands. CECR2 is distributed in peripheral capillaries and small. Investigations of structure and proteins biology could be relevant with the adaptive strategy to drought and hypoxia environment in Phrynocephalus vlangalii.

La respiración y el transporte de agua y líquido están controlados en el pulmón por muchos factores. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la estructura y la expresión de proteínas en los pulmones de Phrynocephalus vlangalii por medio de la anatomía macroscópica, observación con microscopio óptico, microscopio electrónico de barrido e inmunohistoquímica. Los resultados muestran que había muchos alvéolos en el pulmón y que las paredes de los alvéolos y de los capilares eran muy delgadas. La superficie interna del pulmón estaba dividida en cámaras quísticas por el diafragma reticular y se observó una densa red de capilares pulmonares. La inmunohistoquímica mostró que AQP1 se expresaba principalmente en el epitelio de los bronquios intersticiales, el endotelio parabronquial, el endotelio capilar y las células epiteliales alveolares. Las fibras nerviosas VIP positivas se distribuyen principalmente en la tráquea, la capa de músculo liso bronquial, las paredes de los vasos pulmonares y los vasos bronquiales y alrededor de las glándulas submucosas. CECR2 se distribuye en pequeño capilares periféricos. Las investigaciones de la biología de la estructura y las proteínas podrían ser relevantes con la estrategia de adaptación al entorno de sequía e hipoxia en Phrynocephalus vlangalii.

INFLUENCIAS DEL TENIS EN LA SALUD FÍsICA DE LAS UNIVERSITARIAS / Tennis influences on the physical health of female university students / Influências do tênis na saúde física das universitárias

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tennis is a confrontational sport that combines aerobic exercise with anaerobic exercise. Long-duration tennis can significantly improve female college students' physical qualities, such as strength, flexibility, sensitivity, and endurance, and help improve their physical health. Objective: Verify tennis's influences on female college students' physical health through long-duration tennis training. Methods: This paper aims to explore the influence of tennis on college students' physical health to provide some theoretical basis and practical guidance for colleges and universities to conduct tennis elective courses. Results: The elective tennis course has a good influence on the body shape of female college students. Conclusion: The university students' vital and aerobic metabolic capacity were significantly improved, and cardiac function was effectively benefited. The sport of tennis promotes blood flow and improves cardiopulmonary function. An influence on the height of female college students was not found. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O tênis é um esporte de confronto que combina o exercício aeróbico com o exercício anaeróbico. O tênis de longa duração pode melhorar significativamente as qualidades físicas das estudantes universitárias femininas, tais como força, flexibilidade, sensibilidade e resistência, e ajudar a melhorar sua saúde física. Objetivo: Verificar as influências do tênis na saúde física das universitárias através do treino em tênis por longa duração. Métodos: Este trabalho visa explorar a influência do tênis na saúde física das estudantes universitárias, a fim de fornecer alguma base teórica e orientação prática para que faculdades e universidades realizem cursos eletivos de tênis. Resultados: O curso eletivo de tênis tem uma boa influência sobre a forma corporal das universitárias. Conclusão: A capacidade vital das estudantes universitárias e a capacidade metabólica aeróbica foram significativamente aprimoradas, e a função cardíaca foi efetivamente beneficiada. O esporte de tênis promoveu o fluxo sanguíneo e melhorou a função cardiopulmonar. A influência sobre a altura das estudantes universitárias não foi constatada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El tenis es un deporte de confrontación que combina el ejercicio aeróbico con el anaeróbico. El tenis de larga duración puede mejorar significativamente las cualidades físicas de las estudiantes universitarias, como la fuerza, la flexibilidad, la sensibilidad y la resistencia, y contribuir a mejorar su salud física. Objetivo: Verificar las influencias del tenis en la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias mediante un entrenamiento de tenis de larga duración. Métodos: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar la influencia del tenis en la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias con el fin de proporcionar una base teórica y una orientación práctica para que los colegios y universidades realicen cursos electivos de tenis. Resultados: La asignatura optativa de tenis tiene una buena influencia en la forma del cuerpo de las estudiantes universitarias. Conclusión: La capacidad vital de las estudiantes universitarias y la capacidad metabólica aeróbica mejoraron significativamente, y la función cardíaca se vio efectivamente beneficiada. El deporte del tenis favorece el flujo sanguíneo y mejora la función cardiopulmonar. No se encontró una influencia en la estatura de las estudiantes universitarias. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Pollution characteristics and sources of PM2.5 during heating and non-heating periods in Urumqi City in 2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To understand the pollution characteristics and sources of PM2.5 in the atmosphere during heating and non-heating periods in Urumqi City in 2021, and provide scientific basis for pollution control during different periods. Method A total of 188 air samples were collected from area A and area B of Urumqi City, and 12 metal elements and 5 water-soluble ions were quantitatively analyzed, and the pollution sources were analyzed by enrichment factor method and principal component analysis method. Results In 2021, the mass concentrations of PM2.5 in areas A and B of Urumqi were 45.0 (20.0, 158) µg/m3 and 28.0 (17.5, 66.0) µg/m3, respectively, with statistically significant difference (Z=-2.870, P<0.05). During the heating period, the concentrations were 110 (68.0, 250) µg/m3 and 61.0 (31.0, 88.0) µg/m3, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (Z=-3.822, P<0.01). During the non-heating period, the concentrations were 18.0 (13.0, 22.3) µg/m3 and 18.0 (12.8, 22.0) µg/m3, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (Z=-0.596, P>0.05). The SNA (the sum of SO42-, NO3-and NH4+) accounted for 71.7% and 23.4% of PM2.5 in A area during heating and non-heating periods, respectively, with statistically significant difference (Z=-8.057, P<0.01); the corresponding proportions in B area were 60.7% and 24.9%, with statistically significant difference (Z=-6.672, P<0.01). During the heating and non-heating periods, the ratios of NO3-/SO42-are 0.63 and 0.54 in A area were 0.63 and 0.54, respectively, with statistically significant difference (Z=-2.382, P<0.05); and the corresponding ratios in B area were 0.72 and 0.53, respectively, with statistically significant difference (Z=-3.182, P<0.05). The ratio of NO3- to SO42- was less than 1 in both heating and non-heating periods in the two areas. and the correlation between five water-soluble ions was significant (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between NH4+ and SO42-, NO3-and Cl- in A and B areas during heating periods were all >0.9, indicating that NH4+and SO42-, NO3- and Cl- bind in (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, NH4NO3, and NH4Cl. During non-heating periods, the correlation between NH4+ and each ion was slightly lower. During heating periods in area A, Sb, As, Cd, Pb, and Tl were severely enriched (EF>100). During non-heating periods in the same area, As, Cd, Pb, Tl, and Hg were severely enriched (EF>100). During heating periods in area B, Sb, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg were severely enriched (EF>100), and during non-heating periods in the same area, Sb, Cd, and Hg were severely enriched (EF>100). Coal emission, photochemical secondary pollution, motor vehicle exhaust, dust and industrial pollution were the main sources of PM2.5 pollution in the two areas, and the contribution rate of fixed sources was higher than that of mobile sources. Conclusion In 2021, the mass concentration of PM2.5, water-soluble ions and metal elements in Urumqi City were higher in area A than area B, the heating period was higher than the non-heating period, the excess rate of area A was higher than that in area B, and the contribution rate of fixed air pollution was greater than that of mobile sources.

The value of peripheral blood and pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB combined with pleural effusion adenosine deaminase in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral blood and pleural effusion tuberculosis (TB) infection effector T cells, and to further evaluate the value of combined pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (ADA) for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Methods The test data of 80 cases of tuberculous pleurisy and 70 cases of nontuberculous pleurisy treated in the Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong City from January 2017 to December 2020 were analyzed. The TBinfected effector T cells were also detected simultaneously in the peripheral blood and the pleural effusion by the T-SPOT technique, and the pleural effusion ADA was detected by the rate method. The subject operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to take the optimal pleural effusion ADA threshold to compare the sensitivity and specificity of different critical values. Person phase analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between peripheral blood and pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB. Data of peripheral blood, pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB and ADA were integrated. Results When pleural effusion ADA>45 U/L, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy were 50.0% and 94.3%, respectively; when ADA > 25.15 U/ L, the sensitivity and specificity were 80.0% and 72.9%. When ADA > 45 U / L, pleural/ blood T-SPOT.TB spot ratio (spot forming cells, SFCs) > 2 times, the specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy was 100% (highest); when 25.15 U/L< pleural effusion ADA ≤ 45 U/L, pleural/blood T-SPOT.TB spot ratio > 2 times, the specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy was 92.3% (second). When pleural effusion ADA ≤ 25.15 U/L, and the pleural effusion/blood T-SPOT.TB spot number ratio > 2 times, with 83.3% specificity (the lowest of the three groups). Conclusions The level of pleural effusion ADA is one of the most used methods for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy. Further combination of pleural effusion and blood T-SPOT.TB, if the ratio of pleural effusion / blood T-SPOT. TB spots is greater than 2 times, it can further improve the diagnosis rate of tuberculous pleurisy.

Dental anxiety and its influencing factors among pregnant women in Shanghai / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the incidence of dental anxiety in pregnant women and its influencing factors. @*Methods @# A total of 2 638 pregnant women in Shanghai were included in this study. Data on demographic and social factors, oral health behaviors and the number of teeth were collected. Participants completed the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS), and an MDAS score greater than 12 was defined as a dental anxiety disorder. An electronic data capture system (EDC) was used to establish a database, and SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the degree of anxiety and its influencing factors.@*Results@# A total of 2 638 valid questionnaires were received. The incidence of dental anxiety in pregnant women was 34.9%. The results of a univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of dental anxiety in pregnant women (P<0.001) and MDAS score decreased (P<0.05) with increasing age, annual family income, educational level, frequency of cleaning, frequency of brushing and number of teeth. Conversely, the prevalence of dental anxiety in pregnant women (P<0.05) and MDAS score increased (P<0.05) as the number of pregnancies and gingival bleeding increased. Logistic analysis showed that education level “college” (P = 0.003) and “bachelor and above” (P<0.001), frequency of dental cleaning “semiannually or annually” (P = 0.021) and “biennial” (P<0.001), and frequency of brushing “twice a day” (P<0.001) were significantly associated with dental anxiety in pregnant women and were protective factors (OR<1). The frequency of gingival bleeding “Sometimes”(P<0.001) and the number of teeth “≤ 27” (P<0.001) were also significant risk factors for dental anxiety in pregnant women (OR>1).The results of a negative binomial regression analysis of MDAS showed that the frequency of dental cleaning and the number of teeth were significantly associated with dental anxiety. The frequency of dental cleaning "semiannually or annually" (P<0.001) was a protective factor (OR<1) for pregnant women's dental anxiety. The number of teeth ≤27 (P<0.001) was a risk factor (OR>1) for dental anxiety in pregnant women.@*Conclusion@#Educational level, teeth cleaning frequency, teeth brushing frequency, gingival bleeding, and the number of teeth influence dental anxiety in pregnant women. To effectively reduce the prevalence of dental anxiety, dentists should attach great importance to it in clinical practice and enhance pregnant women's awareness of oral hygiene maintenance by disseminating relevant health care knowledge.

In vitro skin retention and drug permeation study of Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster by UPLC/UV/MS/MS

Abstract Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster (TQRP), a typical Chinese patent medicine that contains 13 different herbal remedies, is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of cervical spondylosis and osteoarthritis. However, due to a lack of in vitro transdermal studies, the active ingredients of TQRP have not been fully elucidated. This presents a huge obstacle for quality evaluation, pharmacokinetic studies and clinical safety assessment of TQRP. In this work, a UPLC/UV/MS/MS method was established and validated to evaluate five analytes in TQRP. The validation demonstrated linearity (r > 0.99), specificity (no co-eluting peaks at the retention times of the analytes), and precision (RSD < 15%) within acceptable parameters. A skin permeation study was performed to determine the concentrations of drugs delivered to the dermis. The 24-hour cumulative permeation of ferulic acid, aleo-emodin, emodin and piperine were 303.68, 709.31, 671.06 and 25561.01 ng/cm2, respectively. According to the fitting data of the TQRP active components, skin permeation was mainly due to a combination of passive diffusion and drug release after matrix erosion

Character strengths of 180 counseling cases and its association with mental health / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore character strengths of college students who sought counseling, and its relationship with mental health.@*Methods@#A total of 180 college students who sought counseling were investigated by using the short version of Character Strengths Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) during March 2020 to October 2021.@*Results@#The top five character strengths of college students who sought counseling were appreciation, authenticity, gratitude, humor, love of learning ( 8.39± 1.64, 7.82±1.74, 7.73±1.57, 7.29±1.81, 7.17±1.88); The bottom five character strengths were kindness, bravery, persistence, zest, leadership (5.59±1.75, 5.81±1.30, 5.86±1.72, 5.98±1.59, 6.06±1.60). Linear regression analysis found love, social intelligence and insight showed associations with different dimensions of mental health, with correlation coefficient of each regression equation between -0.12 and 0.16, and the coefficient of determination between 0.05 and 0.19 ( P <0.01). Love had a negativeassociation with all factors of SCL- 90 ( β=-0.314--0.159, P <0.05), which could explain 3.3%-12.5% of the variation of each factor. Social intelligence had a negative association with obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and anxiety ( β=-0.200--0.150, P <0.05), which can explain 1.6%-3.2% of the variation. Insight had a positive association with somatization, hostility and paranoia ( β=0.168-0.279, P <0.05), which can explain 2.3%-3.8% of the variation.@*Conclusion@#The lack and excess of character strengths is associated with mental health problems. Therefore, it would be more effective to help counseling cases build an appropriate and balanced character in the context of a strengths based approach.

Effect assessment of caries management by risk assessment in children in the Minhang district of Shanghai / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To assess the effect of caries management based on risk assessment in children and to provide the basis for the government to develop strategies to prevent and treat oral diseases.@*Methods@# From March 2018 to March 2019, 512 3-year-old children and 502 6-year-old children were selected by cluster sampling from kindergartens and primary schools, respectively, in the Minhang district of Shanghai, and oral examinations and questionnaires were carried out to assess baseline status. Then, the children were divided into 3 groups, including low-, middle- and high-risk groups, according to caries risk assessment. In each caries risk group, the children were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental groups were managed by risk assessment, and the control groups were provided basic oral public health services by the Shanghai government. The effect of caries prevention was evaluated 12 months later.@*Results@#Among the children with a high risk of caries, the incidence of caries was 51.22% in the 3-year-old control group, 34.17% in the experimental group, 51.27% in the 6-year-old control group and 33.15% in the experimental group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Among the children with a middle risk of caries, the incidence of caries was 38.71% in the 3-year-old control group and 7.32% in the experimental group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in caries incidence between the control group and the experimental group for the children with low risk in the 3-year-old or 6-year-old groups and middle risk caries risk in the 6-year-old group. Both 3-year-old and 6-year-old children in the experimental group had a lower risk of caries than those in the observation group in 2019.@*Conclusion@#The caries prevention effect is remarkable in high-risk children, and caries management by risk assessment is probably recommended for children with high caries risk.

A preliminary study on the surgical timing of spinal tuberculosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the changes of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and nerve function in patients with spinal tuberculosis before and after surgery, explore the timing of surgical intervention, and evaluate its influence on surgical safety.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on 387 patients with spinal tuberculosis who received surgical treatment from March 2012 to March 2017, including 278 males and 109 females, aged 12 to 86 years old with an average of (49.9±19.1) years. There were 64 cases of cervical tuberculosis, 86 cases of thoracic tuberculosis, 76 cases of thoracolumbar tuberculosis and 161 cases of lumbar tuberculosis. There were 297 patients with single segmental involvementand 90 patients with multiple segmental involvement. Among them, 62 cases presented neurological damage, and preoperative spinal cord neurological function depended on ASIA grade, 5 cases of grade A, 8 cases of grade B, 39 cases of grade C, and 10 cases of grade D. According to the duration of preoperative antituberculosis treatment, the patients were divided into group A (256 cases, receiving conventional quadruple antituberculosis treatment for 2-4 weeks before surgery) and group B (131 cases, receiving conventional quadruple antituberculosis treatment for more than 4 weeks before surgery). The two groups were compared in terms of gender, age, preoperative complicated pulmonary tuberculosis, lesion site, lesion scope, surgical approach, drug resistance and other general clinical characteristics. ESR, CRP, visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Frankel grade and postoperative complications were observed.@*RESULTS@#All 387 patients were followed up for 12 to 36 (18.3±4.5) months. There were no significant differences in gender, age, preoperative pulmonary tuberculosis, lesion site, lesion range, surgical approach, preoperative drug resistance and other characteristics between two groups. A total of 32 patients in two groups did not heal after surgery, with an incidence rate of 8.27%. The VAS and spinal cord dysfunction index of the two groups were significantly improved after surgery (@*CONCLUSION@#After 2-4 weeks of anti tuberculosis treatment before operation, patients with spinal tuberculosis could be operated upon with ESR and CRP in a descending or stable period. In principle, patients with spinal tuberculosis and paraplegia should be treated as soon as possible after active preoperative management of the complication without emergency surgery.

Effect of different treatments of highly translucent zirconia on the bonding strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the bonding strength between highly translucent zirconia and veneering porcelain and to provide a research basis for improving the zirconium porcelain bond strength between zirconium and ceramic material.@*Methods @# Thirty cylindrical zirconia blocks with 10-mm diameter and 10-mm height were prepared and divided into four groups (n=7), labeled as control group (C), sandblasting group (S), bonding group (B), and sandblasting and bonding group (SB). The surface morphology of zirconia before and after sandblasting was observed in the remaining two specimens. Group C was veneered (2 mm in height and 5 mm in diameter) with porcelain powder by layering after grinding. Group S was sandblasted after grinding. Group B was veneered with a thin layer of porcelain powder as bond coating. Group SB was sandblasted and veneered with a thin layer of porcelain powder. After sintering, the shear specimens were embedded, and a shear bond strength test was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Fracture surface analysis was also performed to determine the failure modes by stereomicroscopy.@*Results @# The bonding strength of group C was 21.86 ± 3.18 MPa. For group S, it was 22.12 ± 3.06 MPa. For group B, it was 19.19 ± 1.46 MPa. Finally, for group SB, it was 27.76 ± 1.95 MPa. There was no significant difference in shear strength between group C, group S and group B. There was a significant difference in shear strength between each group and group SB (P < 0.05). Under a stereomicroscope, the observed fracture modes of each group were mainly mixed failure.@*Conclusion@#Sandblasting cannot significantly increase the bonding strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain. Veneering with a thin layer of porcelain powder as the bond coating has no obvious effect on the bonding strength. Sandblasting and veneering with a thin layer of porcelain powder as a bond coating can significantly improve the bonding strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain.

Permanent successor necrosis caused by periapical periodontitis of deciduous teeth: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To investigate the etiology, diagnosis and treatment principles of inherited permanent tooth embryo necrosis caused by alveolar bone resorption due to severe periapical periodontitis of deciduous teeth, in order to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment@*Methods@#The clinical data and related literature of a rare case of permanent tooth embryo necrosis were analyzed retrospectively.@*Results @#This case was a 5-year-old girl. Physical examination and X-ray examination revealed chronic periapical inflammation in 75. X-ray showed that the periodontal bone of tooth 75 was extensively destroyed; additionally, the permanent tooth germ of tooth 35 was incomplete and the development was delayed compared to that of tooth 45 because of severe periapical periodontitis in the primary teeth. The initial diagnosis was that-- the embryo of tooth 35 stopped developing due to inflammation and was necrotic after tooth 75 was extracted. The postoperative pathological examination report showed that most bone around the embryos of tooth 35 was sequestrated. Through literature review and analysis, it was found that the degree of periapical lesions in the primary teeth and the developmental stage of the tooth embryo have a great impact on the formation of permanent tooth embryos. Conservative methods such as root canal therapy are usually adopted as treatment. Permanent tooth embryo necrosis caused by periapical periodontitis of deciduous teeth is rare in the clinic, so it is necessary to judge the degree of inflammatory infiltration and of tooth embryo damage as soon as possible according to the clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations; and to make a correct treatment plan.@*Conclusion@#There are no objective and clear diagnostic and treatment criteria for the clinical diagnosis of the pathological state of permanent tooth embryo, thus, methods such as etiology elimination and follow-up observation are usually adopted for abnormal permanent tooth embryo development. Future research should focus on prevention and finding addtional effective methods for diagnosis and treatment.

Expression and clinical significance of miR-191 in cervical cancer tissues / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the expression of miR-191 in cervical cancer tissues and its effect on the patients' prognosis. Methods: One hundred and seven cervical cancer tissue specimens from patients who underwent surgical treatment and 46 normal cervical tissue specimens from patients who underwent surgical resection of uterine fibroids (the control group) in Xinxiang Central Hospital were collected from December 2012 to December 2014. The expression of miR-191 in cancer tissues was detected by qPCR. All patients were followed up from the first day after surgery, and the follow-up deadline was December 31, 2019. All patients were followed up for 5 years, with death as the end event. The survival time and 5-year survival rate of the patients were recorded. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and the factors affecting survival prognosis were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: The expression level of miR-191 in cervical cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the tissues from control group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in miR-191 expression among patients with different high-risk HPV infection status, different pathological grades and FIGO stages, and different lymph node metastasis status (all P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of patients in the miR-191 low expression group was significantly higher than those patients in the high expression group (81.48% vs 33.75%, χ 2 =16.905, P<0.01). Pathological grade, FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis and the expression of miR-191 were risk factors affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients (HR=0.486, 3.065, 2.339 and 2.755, all P<0.05). Conclusion: miR-191 is highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues, and its expression level increases with the progression of malignancy. It is expected to become a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of cervical cancer.

Influencing factors of the purchase of supplementary insurance for adverse events following immunization by parents in Changsha / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the status and influencing factors of the purchase of supplementary insurance for adverse events following immunization ( AEFI ) by parents in Changsha, so as to provide basis for the development of compensatory strategies.@*Methods@#Stratified random sampling method was used to select the parents who lived in Changsha for more than six months and had children under seven years old as subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the information about demographic features, awareness of AEFI and the purchase of supplementary insurance. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for purchasing supplementary insurance. @*Results@#Among 712 respondents ( response rate, 94.93% ) , 354 ( 49.72% ) purchased supplementary insurance. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the parents aged 36-71 years ( OR=0.325, 95%CI: 0.144-0.732 ) were less likely to purchase supplementary insurance; the parents who were aware of supplementary insurance ( OR=3.622, 95%CI: 2.218-5.913 ) and compensation range ( OR=1.332, 95%CI: 1.164-1.524 ) , and who scored higher in the knowledge and attitude of AEFI ( OR=1.137, 95%CI: 1.049-1.231 ) were more likely to purchase supplementary insurance.@*Conclusion @#About 49.72% of the parents purchased of supplementary insurance. Age, awareness of supplementary insurance and compensation range,as well as knowledge and attitude of AEFI were associated with the purchase of supplementary insurance.

Tobacco point-of-purchase marketing in primary and middle school neighbourhoods in Tianjin / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the distribution of tobacco point-of-purchase(pop) activies 100 meters around the primary and middle school and the situation of selling cigarettes to students of Tianjin. To provide evidence for creating a smoke-free and healthy school environment.@*Methods@#With the method of simple random sampling, 195 schools were selected to investigate the tobacco retailers within 100 meters around the school, and the nearest tobacco retailers was observed.@*Results@#Totally 36.9 percent of the schools found tobacco retailers within 100 meters. There were 127 tobacco retailers, and no tobacco advertisements were found. The percentage of tobacco retailers within 100 meters of vocational schools, primary schools and middle schools was 33.3%, 34.1% and 40.4%, respectively. Among the 72 tobacco retailers observed, the proportion of tobacco retailers within 20, 21-50, and 51-100 meters from the school were 9.7%, 36.1% and 54.2%, respectively. The majority of tobacco retailers were grocery stores/convenience stores (55.6%), followed by alcohol and tobacco stores (34.7%). The proportion of tobacco selling points failing to set up the signs of "smoking harmful to health" and "not selling cigarettes to minors" were 81.9% and 86.1% respectively.@*Conclusion@#It’s concerning that the layout of tobacco retailers and the posting of signs, and the tobacco products for to minors in Tianjin. It is necessary to strengthen the surrounding environment renovation and publicity and law enforcement.

Immunohistochemical study of aquaporin 1 and 2 in the hepatobiliary system of Qinghai lizard (Pphrynocephalus vlangalii ) / Estudio inmunohistoquímico de aquaporin 1 y 2 en la sistema hepatobiliar del lagarto de Qinghai ( Phrynocephalus vlangalii )

A serous membrane covering the liver and the hepatic parenchyma, consists of hepatocytes, arteries, veins, hepatic sinusoids and biliary ductuli. There are erythrocytes, thrombocytes, melanin particles and Kupffer cell in the hepatic sinusoids and the blood vessels. The gall bladder wall consists of a mucous layer a muscle layer and a serous layer. The bottom of the epithelium abounds with round or oval secretory. In liver, immunohistochemistry results show that AQP1 have intense reaction in hepatic lobule, Kupffer cells (Macrophagocytus stellatus), hepatocytes, portal tract, blood islands, vein and artery, but almost no reaction of AQP2 was detected. In gallbladder, mucous epithelium, endothelial cells from vein and artery all have strong AQP1 expression, AQP2 showed minor diffused positive reaction in gallbladder, which suggesting that AQP1 may have the main role in the absorption and transportation of fluid in hepatobiliary system of Qinghai Lizard.

Una membrana serosa cubre el hígado y el parénquima hepático el cual está formado por hepatocitos, arterias, venas, sinusoides hepáticos y conductos biliares. Se encuentran eritrocitos, trombocitos, partículas de melanina y células de Kupffer en los sinusoides hepáticos y en los vasos sanguíneos. La pared de la vesícula biliar presenta tres capas: mucosa, muscular y serosa. En el hígado, la inmunohistoquímica mostró que AQP1 tiene una reacción intensa en el lóbulo hepático, células de Kupffer, hepatocitos, tracto portal e islotes sanguíneos. En venas y arterias, no se detectó reacción alguna de AQP2. En la vesícula biliar, el epitelio mucoso, las células endoteliales venosas y arteriales tuvieron una importante expresión de AQP1, sin embargo, AQP2 mostró una reacción positiva difusa menor, lo que sugiere que la AQP1 podría tener una función principal en la absorción y transporte de líquido en el sistema hepatobiliar del Lagarto Qinghai.

Methylation status of the PPP1R13L promoter region among lung cancer patients and healthy controls. Analytical cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is evidence that genetic predisposition and epigenetic alteration (e.g. DNA methylation) play major roles in lung cancer. In our genetic epidemiological studies, rs1970764 in oncogene PPP1R13L was most consistently associated with lung cancer risk. Here, we explored the role of PPP1R13L methylation in lung cancer development. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study (45 lung cancer cases and 45 controls), conducted in China. METHODS: We investigated the DNA methylation status of 2,160 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in the PPP1R13L promoter region using the EpiTYPER assay of the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. RESULTS: In the whole study group, the methylation levels of CpG-6, CpG-9, CpG-20 and CpG-21 were significantly lower and those of CpG-16 were significantly higher in cases than in controls. Among smokers, the methylation levels at five CpG sites (CpG-6, CpG-11, CpG-15, CpG-20 and CpG-21) were statistically significantly lower among cases. Among men, the methylation levels at four CpG sites (CpG-11, CpG-15, CpG-20 and CpG-21) were significantly lower among cases. Regarding smokers, the methylation levels at CpG-7.8 and CpG-21 among cases and at CpG-22 among controls were significantly lower, compared with nonsmokers. The frequency of positivity for methylation was not significantly different between lung cancer cases and controls (68.22% for cases and 71.87% for controls; P = 0.119). CONCLUSION: Our study on a Chinese population suggests that lung cancer patients have aberrant methylation status (hypomethylation tended to be more frequent) in peripheral blood leukocytes at several CpG sites in the PPP1R13L promoter region and that exposure to smoking may influence methylation status.

An anterior neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus: a prospective clinical study with short- to mid-term follow-up

SUMMARY OBJECT: To explore the treatment effect of the anterior medial neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus. METHODS: This prospective study included two female patients who were 30-64 years old, with a mean age of 47 years. Fractures were caused by falling from a bicycle. The time between the injury and operation was 1-2 days, with a mean time interval of 1.5 days. Two patients with coronal shear fracture of the distal humerus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using anterior neurovascular interval approach. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative and postoperative neurological and vascular complications or infections, and the fracture was united. At 12 months after the surgery, the patient returned to work without pain, and with a normal range of motion for elbow and forearm rotation. The X-rays revealed excellent fracture union, no signs of heterotopic ossification, and no traumatic arthritis. According to Mayo's evaluation standards for elbow function, a score of 100 is excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the anterior neurovascular interval approach of the elbow in the treatment of shear fracture of the articular surface of the distal humerus, particularly the trochlea of the humerus, can reduce the stripping of the soft tissue.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Explorar o efeito do tratamento com uma abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular médio para fraturas de cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo prospectivo incluiu duas pacientes do sexo feminino de 30-64 anos de idade, com idade média de 47 anos. As fraturas foram causadas por quedas de bicicleta. O tempo entre a lesão e a operação foi de 1-2 dias, com um intervalo de tempo médio de 1,5 dias. Duas pacientes com cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero foram tratadas com redução aberta e fixação interna utilizando a abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular. RESULTADOS: Não houve complicações neurológicas e vasculares intra e pós-operatórias, nem complicações ou infecções, e a fratura foi unida. Após 12 meses da cirurgia, as pacientes retornaram ao trabalho sem dor e com uma amplitude normal de movimento de rotação do antebraço e cotovelo. Os raios-X revelaram excelente união das fraturas, sem sinais de ossificação heterotópica e sem artrite traumática. De acordo com as diretrizes da clínica Mayo para avaliação da função do cotovelo, uma pontuação de 100 é considerada excelente. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação da abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular do cotovelo no tratamento de uma fratura de cisalhamento da superfície articular da porção distal do úmero, especificamente da tróclea do úmero, pode reduzir o desgaste do tecido mole.